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Is DC close to Maryland or Virginia?

Washington, D.C. borders both states simultaneously. Maryland wraps around DC to the north, east, and west, while Virginia sits just across the Potomac River to the south. The two borders are not equal: you can cross from DC into Maryland on foot, while the Potomac River separates DC from Virginia.

Washington, D.C. borders both states at the same time. Maryland wraps around DC to the north, east, and west, while Virginia lies just across the Potomac River to the south. The two borders are not equal: you can walk from DC into Maryland, but a river separates DC from Virginia. Neither state owns DC, it is its own federal district.

How the borders actually work

Maryland borders Washington, D.C., to the north, east, and west, and Virginia borders DC on the southern shore of the Potomac River. That means Maryland surrounds DC on three sides, making it the closer and more physically connected of the two neighbors for most of the city's geography.

DC is surrounded by Northern Virginia on its southwest side and Maryland on its southeast, northeast, and northwest sides. The portion of the Potomac River that passes Washington is virtually entirely within DC's border, as Washington extends to the south bank. In practical terms, this means the river itself belongs to DC (and Maryland in the stretch south of the city), not to Virginia.

The border between DC and Maryland has no river to mark it. Instead, it is defined by boundary stones laid down in the 1790s, initially creating a perfect square 10 miles per side. Many of those original stones still stand today.

How close are the neighboring communities?

More than 60 towns and cities sit within 30 miles of the capital, split between Northern Virginia and suburban Maryland, with Arlington, VA just 5.2 miles across the Potomac as the closest of them all.

On the Maryland side, DC borders Bethesda, Silver Spring, Chevy Chase, and Takoma Park, all within Montgomery and Prince George's counties. Arlington and Alexandria sit directly across the Potomac River in Virginia and offer a mix of urban and suburban living.

One of the most striking border crossings in the region happens on foot. Friendship Heights is a neighborhood that straddles the border between Washington DC and Montgomery County, with the intersection of Western Avenue and Wisconsin Avenue at its center. The Friendship Heights Metro station straddles the border of Washington, DC and Montgomery County, Maryland at the 5400 block of Wisconsin Avenue NW; two of the five exits sit on the Maryland side of Western Avenue, while the other three exit into the District.

Why does DC not share a land border with Virginia?

The original 1790 district was a 100-square-mile diamond that included land from both states. On July 16, 1790, the Constitution established a territory 10 miles square to serve as the permanent seat of the federal government. President George Washington selected a site along the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers after both Maryland and Virginia ceded land to create the new federal district.

Virginia's piece did not last long. Retrocession refers to the reincorporation into Virginia of the land it gave for the federal capital. Beginning in 1846, Congress voted to allow 31 square miles of the District of Columbia to return to Virginia. President James Polk signed the legislation returning Alexandria to Virginia on July 9, 1846. The portion of the district located south of the Potomac River was returned to Virginia. That area is now Arlington County and the city of Alexandria.

The land ceded from Virginia was returned by Congress in 1847, so what remains of the modern District was all once part of Maryland. That is why DC's topography and street grid feel more continuous with Maryland suburbs than with Virginia ones.

The Beltway and regional context

The Capital Beltway, designated as Interstate 495 for its entire length, is a 64-mile beltway that encircles Washington, DC and its inner suburbs in adjacent Maryland and Virginia. It is the clearest physical indicator of how tightly the three jurisdictions are woven together, looping through communities like Bethesda and Silver Spring in Maryland and Falls Church and Alexandria in Virginia without ever entering the District itself.

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